\n<\/p>\n
H\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ed1: C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i hay th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c chi ph\u00ed cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t?<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7\/2024, Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU) k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf sinh th\u00e1i cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (ESPR), \u0111\u1eb7t ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ed1 (Digital Product Passport – DPP<\/a>) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng[1]<\/sup>. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, Blockchain \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c then ch\u1ed1t khi quy m\u00f4 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng n\u0103m 2025 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c 3.27 t\u1ef7 USD<\/span>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng 60% so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2024[2]<\/sup>. <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u Vi\u1ec7t Nam – \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i SME ng\u00e0nh d\u1ec7t may, da gi\u00e0y, th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e2ng h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n T\u1eeb tem nh\u00e3n v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean blockchain <\/p>\n H\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ed1 (DPP<\/span>) th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 xa l\u1ea1, nh\u01b0ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2024-2025, EU b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u[3]<\/sup>. Theo \u0111\u00f3, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin t\u0129nh tr\u00ean tem nh\u00e3n v\u1eadt l\u00fd, DPP<\/span> l\u01b0u tr\u1eef to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m – t\u1eeb khai th\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n carbon, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf. EU x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh DPP<\/span> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Xanh, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trung l\u1eadp carbon v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050[4]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i gi\u1eefa DPP<\/span> v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Blockchain so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf hai t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a:\u00a0b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0phi t\u1eadp trung[5]<\/sup>. \u1ede c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb can thi\u1ec7p b\u1edfi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng khi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u00ean Blockchain, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. C\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SHA-256[6]<\/sup> v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n node (n\u00fat m\u1ea1ng) \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0o. M\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u minh b\u1ea1ch g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. <\/p>\n Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. G\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 b\u00e1n l\u1ebb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Walmart \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Food Trust d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Hyperledger Fabric \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb\u00a07 ng\u00e0y xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 2.2 gi\u00e2y[7]<\/sup>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb r\u1ee7i ro, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng: khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khoanh v\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng l\u1ed7i trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y thay v\u00ec v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 danh ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ed1n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n Trong ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac h\u00e0ng xa x\u1ec9, li\u00ean minh Aura Blockchain (g\u1ed3m LVMH, Prada, Cartier) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean phong c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao c\u1ea5p. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9\/2025, h\u01a1n 70 tri\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng truy xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn t\u1eeb m\u1ecf kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u01b0\u1edfng thu\u1ed9c da[8]<\/sup>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh da gi\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng[9]<\/sup>. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy xu\u1ea5t 100% c\u1ee7a EU c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u minh b\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1eadm ch\u00e2n. <\/p>\n Kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 hay g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng chi ph\u00ed<\/p>\n Tr\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u00e2n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t khi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u (CAPEX). M\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p Blockchain-IoT-DPP th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb 15,000 USD v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 120,000 USD n\u1ebfu tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111a n\u00fat quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u[10]<\/sup>. <\/p>\n B\u00e0i to\u00e1n chi ph\u00ed ch\u01b0a d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i g\u1ed3ng g\u00e1nh th\u00eam d\u00f2ng chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh (OPEX) li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, d\u00f9 ph\u00ed gas Blockchain \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 USD<\/span>\/giao d\u1ecbch trong n\u0103m 2025[11]<\/sup>, nh\u01b0ng khi nh\u00e2n l\u00ean v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f9ng chi ph\u00ed c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn IoT \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf (20-800 USD\/c\u00e1i)[12]<\/sup>, t\u1ed5ng g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c SME.<\/p>\n V\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i SME t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng t\u1eeb 50-200 tri\u1ec7u VN\u0110[13]<\/sup> m\u1ed7i n\u0103m l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi 68% doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf coi chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t[14]<\/sup>. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chi ph\u00ed c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf quy m\u00f4: c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf doanh thu cho chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf ch\u1ecbu t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. <\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb chi ph\u00ed ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n sang hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, b\u1ee9c tranh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i mang gam m\u00e0u s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Blockchain trong chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 20-30% chi ph\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn t\u1edbi 85% th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn ROI d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng 14-24 th\u00e1ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed 35% trong 14 th\u00e1ng, ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ea3m 28% trong 18 th\u00e1ng[15]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf ti\u1ebft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra ngu\u1ed3n thu m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ed1n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 gi\u00e1 (Green Premium), b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a\u00a0PwC n\u0103m 2024\u00a0ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng 80% ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh\u00a09.7%\u00a0cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng[16]<\/sup>. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed v\u1edbi kim ng\u1ea1ch xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u00f4m d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1t\u00a04 t\u1ef7 USD<\/span>, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n 50% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n Green Premium, doanh thu to\u00e0n ng\u00e0nh s\u1ebd t\u0103ng th\u00eam g\u1ea7n\u00a0200 tri\u1ec7u USD<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed7i n\u0103m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gia t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u1ed1n, b\u1edfi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u minh b\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean Blockchain ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p ni\u1ec1m tin, gi\u00fap SME ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng xanh v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng chi ph\u00ed t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh[17]<\/sup>. <\/p>\n B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng DPP<\/span> gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro thu h\u1ed3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m – nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u USD<\/span> – b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khoanh v\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u00e0o quang (Halo Effect) s\u1ebd gi\u00fap s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 truy xu\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac cao c\u1ea5p, t\u1ea1o l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 trong khu v\u1ef1c. <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thu\u00ea d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (Traceability-as-a-Service -TaaS) \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a SME. <\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 <\/p>\n B\u1ee9c tranh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 trong chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ea1i h\u1ee5t h\u01a1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. <\/p>\n Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf trong chu\u1ed7i n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u – t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean s\u1ed1 – v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c tr\u00ean s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c file Excel r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c. V\u1edbi\u00a0ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y 12 th\u00e1ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh EUDR (c\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng) v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12\/2026[18]<\/sup>, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u1ee7i ro hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. <\/p>\n \u00c1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft chung chung, c\u00f2n \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft. EUDR y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c\u00a06 ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng m\u00e9t)\u00a0v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn[19]<\/sup>. <\/p>\n Th\u00e1i Lan\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Blockchain cho n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao nh\u01b0 g\u1ea1o t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2019, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111ang loay hoay t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 do chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u1edbn[20]<\/sup>. Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u00a0ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung h\u00f3a cao \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u1ed1c gia, gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 e ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh trung l\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y[21]<\/sup>. <\/p>\n Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (Hybrid Strategy) \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u00a0GS1, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng\u00a0SaaS c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng\u00a0gi\u00fap chia s\u1ebb g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng chi ph\u00ed h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng cho kh\u1ed1i SME, v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c li\u00ean minh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1eeba gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c <\/p>\n Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n tri\u1ec3n khai cu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfu \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 thi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 EU hay M\u1ef9, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 bi\u00ean l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1ed1t. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ASC, ng\u00e0nh da gi\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac cao c\u1ea5p. Sau giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb 6-12 th\u00e1ng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u do c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng (nh\u01b0 VASEP[22]<\/sup>, LEFASO[23]<\/sup>) l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i\u00a0\u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c\u00a0li\u00ean minh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng chung tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GS1, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng thay v\u00ec t\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn do GS1[24]<\/sup> v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb – logistics tri\u1ec3n khai. <\/p>\n V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 02\/2024\/TT-BKHCN c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c. S\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111ang d\u1ed3n v\u00e0o l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u1ed1c gia t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111i k\u00e8m. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 UNDP, GIZ, USAID trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n Ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m v\u1edbi kim ng\u1ea1ch kho\u1ea3ng 4.6 t\u1ef7 USD<\/span> v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025[25]<\/sup> \u0111ang tri\u1ec3n khai DPP<\/span> cho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nu\u00f4i ASC th\u00f4ng qua m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh SaaS chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2025. D\u1ec7t may v\u00e0 da gi\u00e0y v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng kim ng\u1ea1ch 46 t\u1ef7 USD<\/span>[26]<\/sup> h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00e0nh ti\u00ean phong chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a GS1, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2026. C\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u1edbi kim ng\u1ea1ch kho\u1ea3ng 8.92 t\u1ef7 USD<\/span> v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025[27]<\/sup> \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Blockchain cho ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac Specialty Coffee (c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n) v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb premium. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0nh g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed7 v\u1edbi kim ng\u1ea1ch xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ea1t 17.2 t\u1ef7 USD<\/span> v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025[28]<\/sup> t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n H\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu g\u1ed7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 minh b\u1ea1ch ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed logistics v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u00eam chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n [1] https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/energy-climate-change-environment\/standards-tools-and-labels\/products-labelling-rules-and-requirements\/ecodesign-sustainable-products-regulation_en<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [2] https:\/\/www.researchandmarkets.com\/reports\/6035307\/blockchain-supply-chain-market-report<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [3] https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/energy-climate-change-environment\/standards-tools-and-labels\/products-labelling-rules-and-requirements\/ecodesign-sustainable-products-regulation_en<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [4] https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/topics\/en\/article\/20210128STO96607\/how-the-eu-wants-to-achieve-a-circular-economy-by-2050<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [5] https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/think\/topics\/blockchain<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [6] https:\/\/shardeum.org\/blog\/blockchain-hashing\/<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [7] https:\/\/northamerica.visionmagazine.com\/blockchain-food-supply-chain\/ <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [8] https:\/\/auraconsortium.com\/news\/aura-blockchain-groundbreaker-award-cnmi-2025<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [9] https:\/\/vietnamnews.vn\/economy\/1664414\/self-sufficiency-in-raw-materials-critical-for-garment-footwear-industry.html<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [10] https:\/\/appwrk.com\/insights\/blockchain-in-supply-chain-management<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [11] https:\/\/coinledger.io\/de\/research\/ethereum-transaction-fees-and-gas-prices-trends-and-insights<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [12] https:\/\/www.freightamigo.com\/en\/blog\/logistics\/iot-sensor-costs-vs-visibility-benefits\/<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [13] https:\/\/vietnamnet.vn\/en\/digital-transformation-will-vietnam-s-small-businesses-be-left-behind-2437319.html<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [14] https:\/\/vietnamnet.vn\/en\/digital-transformation-will-vietnam-s-small-businesses-be-left-behind-2437319.html<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [15] https:\/\/www.ijert.org\/blockchain-revolution-in-supply-chain-a-global-study-of-150-implementations-across-25-countries<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [16] https:\/\/www.pwc.com\/gx\/en\/news-room\/press-releases\/2024\/pwc-2024-voice-of-consumer-survey.html <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [17] https:\/\/www.smefinanceforum.org\/post\/trends-in-blockchain-driving-the-growth-of-sme-finance<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [18] https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/news\/en\/press-room\/20251211IPR32168\/deforestation-law-parliament-adopts-changes-to-postpone-and-simplify-measures<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [19] https:\/\/www.fiegenbaum.solutions\/en\/blog\/eudr-compliance-precise-location-data-traceability-market-access<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [20] https:\/\/www.foodnavigator-asia.com\/Article\/2020\/12\/23\/Digitising-Thailand-s-food-chain-National-traceability-system-to-focus-on-organic-products-first-government-insights\/<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [21] https:\/\/www.iss.europa.eu\/publications\/briefs\/chinas-data-strategy<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [22] https:\/\/seafood.vasep.com.vn\/combat-iuu-fishing\/vietnam-s-action-compaign\/vietnam-to-implement-electronic-traceability-in-a-fish-supply-chain-20942.html<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [23] https:\/\/en.diendandoanhnghiep.vn\/vietnam039-s-leather-and-footwear-industry-moves-towards-green-production-sustainability-n40699.html<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [24] https:\/\/gs1.eu\/tools-and-services\/gs1-in-europe-solutions\/ <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [25] https:\/\/vasep.com.vn\/san-pham-xuat-khau\/tom\/xuat-nhap-khau\/xuat-khau-tom-viet-nam-dat-dinh-4-6-ty-usd-nam-2025-35852.html#:~:text=(vasep.com.vn),nh%E1%BA%A5t%20t%E1%BB%AB%20tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc%20t%E1%BB%9Bi%20nay.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [26] https:\/\/vietnamnet.vn\/en\/vn-textile-exports-to-hit-usd-46-billion-in-2025-securing-top-3-global-position-2476296.html<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [27] https:\/\/nongnghiepmoitruong.vn\/10-thi-truong-xuat-khau-ca-phe-lon-nhat-cua-viet-nam-nam-2025-d794781.html<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [28] https:\/\/mae.gov.vn\/xuat-khau-go-va-san-pham-go-vuot-moc-17-ty-usd-20759.htm<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n
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